SUPPLEMENT ­

These are essential nutrients that can be useful to the body for maintenance of good health, growth, protection and energy regulation. They could as well be termed ingredients of food. Food could be said to be mixtures of nutrients, and the relative amounts of the various nutrients in a given food depend upon conditions of growth, storage, and degree of processing and method of cooking. Certain nutrients must be supplied by the diet, as the body cannot manufacture them. More than 50 different kinds of nutrients have been identified, but 40 are definitely required for human growth, development and health ­for energy, to supply building blocks to replace worn out cell constituents, and for normal cell and tissue function.

Carbohydrates, fat and protein are those that could be grouped under MACRONUTRIENTS. Some major minerals like Sodium chloride; plant structural materials like fiber and water are also classified under macronutrients, due to large quantity req4irements. Minerals represent ELECTROLYTES and bony, hard-structures. Vitamins and trace minerals are under MICRONUTRIENTS, as they are needed in only minute amounts.

Special supplements have been formulated by Tianshi Company to augment for the inadequacies in our diets. These are presented in detail discussions under the respective supplements.

1.1       CALCIUM AND THE BODY

Calcium is by far the most abundant mineral in the body. Nearly 99 percent of the body's calcium is stored in the bones, where it plays two important roles. First, it is an integral part of bone structure; second, bone calcium serves as a bank that can release calcium to the body fluids if even the slightest drop in blood calcium concentration occurs. Many people have the idea that once deposited in bone, calcium (together with other minerals of bone) stays there forever- that once a bone is built, it is inert, like a rock. Not so. The minerals of bones are in constant flux, with formation and dissolution taking place every minute of the day and night.

Calcium and phosphorus are essential to the formation of bone. As bones begin to form, calcium phosphate salts crystallize on a foundation material composed of the protein collagen. The resulting hydroxyapatite crystals invade the collagen and gradually lend more and more rigidity to the maturing bones until they are able to support the weight they will have to carry. During and after this bone strengthening process, fluoride may displace the "hydroxy" parts of these crystals, forming fluorapatite, which is resistant to decay. Thus the long leg bones of children can support their weight by the time they have .learned to walk.

The formation of teeth follows a pattern similar to that' of bones. Hydroxyapatite crystals form on a collagen matrix to create the dentin that gives strength to the teeth. Calcification of the "baby" teeth occurs in the gums during the latter half of the infant’s time in the womb. The calcification of the permanent teeth takes place during early childhood, up to about the age of three; that of the “wisdom” teeth begins at about the age of ten. The turnover of minerals in teeth is not as rapid as in bone, but some withdrawals and re-depositing do take place throughout life.-As in bone, fluoride hardens and stabilizes the crystals of teeth, opposing the withdrawal of minerals from them.

1.2       CALCIUM 1N BODY FLUIDS

Only about 1 percent of the body's calcium is in the fluid that bathes and fills the cells, but this tiny amount plays major roles. These major roles include:

·        It regulates the transport of ions across cell membranes and is particularly important in nerve transmission.

·        It helps maintain normal blood pressure.

·        It is essential for muscle contraction and therefore for the heartbeat.

·        It enhances secretion of hormones, digestive enzymes, and neuro-transmitters.

·        It plays an essential role in the clotting of blood. Because of its importance, blood calcium is tightly controlled.

1.3       CALCIUM BALANCE

Cells need continuous access to calcium, so the body maintains a constant calcium concentration in the blood. The skeleton serves as a bank from which the blood can borrow and return calcium as needed. Blood calcium is regulated, not by a person's daily calcium intake, but by hormones sensitive to blood calcium. This means that you can do without adequate dietary calcium for years and not suffer noticeable symptoms. Only later in life do you suddenly discover that your calcium savings account has dwindled to the point at which the integrity of your skeleton can no longer be maintained. This means that throughout your adult years you have been developing the fragile bones, a condition known as osteoporosis, or adult bone loss. Osteoporosis constitutes a' major health problem for many elderly people whose bones suddenly begin to shatter.

Calcium deficiencies are widespread due largely to losses in adulthood. To protect against these losses, high calcium intakes early in life are recommended. A calcium-deficient diet during the growing years may prevent the achievement of maximum peak bone mass and density. Too little calcium packed into the skeleton during childhood and young adulthood strongly predicts susceptibility to osteoporosis later in adulthood. The body of an adolescent girl hungers for calcium absorbing and retaining more calcium from each meal than' does the body of an adult.

1.4              CALCIUM RECOMMENDATIONS AND SOURCES

The U.S. and Canadian recommendations for calcium intake are high especially for young people up to the age of 24 years. The high intake recommendations perhaps appropriate because people develop their peak bone mass during their young years. After 30 years of age or so, the skeleton no longer adds significantly to bone density. After about 40 years of age, regardless of calcium intake, bones begin to lose density. Thus obtaining enough calcium during the young years of life ensures that the skeleton will start out with enough mass to minimize bone losses throughout life. This is why the RDA for calcium has been set at 1,200 milligrams daily for young adults up to the age of 24 years. After 24 years, the RDA is lowered to 800 milligrams per day because the opportunity to build strong bones may have passed and the lower amount is sufficient to maintain bone tissue. (Table A offers other calcium goals). Everyone needs to meet his/her calcium needs.

Most people consume far less than the RDA amount of calcium. The average woman meets just a third of her requirement; men do somewhat better, with intakes close to three quarters of their needs. Low calcium intakes are associated with all sorts of major ailments, including adult bone loss, kidney stones, and even lead poisoning.

TABLE A

      Calcium Intake Recommendations

      Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)

                       I.      Women and men (19-24yrs) : 1,200mg/day

                    II.      Women and men (25yrs and older): 800mg/day

1.5              OSTEOPOROSIS AND CALCIUM

In 1995 two and a half million people in the United States suffered bone breaks attributable to osteoporosis, which is one of the most 'prevalent of the degenerative diseases. Half of all women over age 45 and 90 percent of those over 75 suffer the effects of this disease.

Osteoporosis sets in silently, producing no symptoms until late in life. Then, suddenly, dramatically, symptoms emerge. The causes are tangled, and although evidence is mounting that abundant dietary calcium influences development of osteoporosis, other factors are also potential players.

1.6       THE PROBLEM OF OSTEOPOROSIS

Often osteoporosis first becomes apparent when someone's hip suddenly gives way. People say, "She fell and broke her hip," but in fact the hip may have been so fragile that it broke before she fell. Just stepping off a curb may jar a bone enough to shatter it, if the bone is already porous from loss of minerals. The break is not clean; it is an explosion into fragments so numerous and scattered that they cannot be reassembled. Just to remove them is a struggle, and to replace them with an artificial joint requires major surgery. Such a fracture condemns many older people to wheelchairs for the rest of their lives. About a third dies of complications within a year.

Menopause, a period in which a woman's estrogen secretion sharply declines and menstruation ceases, makes bone tosses surge. This surge tapers off after a few years, so that, once again, women's losses equal those sustained by men of the same age. Losses of bone minerals continue throughout the rest of a woman's life, but not at the free-fall pace of the menopause years.

As age advances and losses compound, the later symptoms of osteoporosis can become dramatic. Researchers have associated the losses of trabecular and cortical bone with two types of osteoporosis, type; I and II, identified by the bone breaks may suddenly become frequent when the victim passes the age of 65 years. In this condition trabecular bones become so fragile that the body's weight can overburden the spine; the vertebrae may suddenly disintegrate and crush down, painfully pinching major nerves. Wrists may break as trabecular-rich bone ends weaken, and teeth may loosen or fallout as the trabecular-rich bone of the jaw recedes. Women are most often the victims of type I osteoporosis, six to one over men.

In type II Osteoporosis, the calcium of both cortical and trabecular bone is drawn out of storage, but slowly over the years. As old age approaches, the vertebrae may compress into wedge shapes, usually painlessly, forming what is insensitively called "dowager's hump," the posture seen in many older people as they "grow" shorter. Because the cortical shell as well as the trabecular interior weaken, breaks most often occur in the hip, as in the opening example. A woman is twice as likely as a man to suffer type II osteoporosis, probable due to their diet life-style before menopause.

1.7       AGE, CALCIUM, AND VITAMIN D

The bones gain strength and density all through the growing years and into young adulthood. As the mid-thirties approach, bones stop growing, and as years pass, bone tissue is lost and bones lose strength and density. With advancing age, the cells that build bone gradually become less active, while those that dismantle bone continue working.

One likely factor to weigh in the balance of bone withdrawal and deposition is calcium nutrition during childhood al1d early adult life. Preteen children who consume extra calcium together with adequate vitamin D lay more calcium into the structure of their bones than children with less adequate intakes.

When people reach the bone-losing years of middle age, those who formed dense bones during youth have the advantage. They simply have more bone tissue starting out and can lose more before beginning to, suffer ill effects. Therefore, whatever factors contribute to the building of strong bones in youth, these same factors become protective against osteoporosis much later. One of these factors is proper calcium nutrition.

1.8       CALCIUM RECOMMENDATIONS

The RDA committee recommends 1,200 milligrams of calcium, the amount in about 4 cups of milk, each day for everyone 11 through 24 years of age. After age 24, throughout life, other factors can either hasten or slow the bone loss that occurs in everyone. Once a person reaches middle age and bone loss has begun, however, the person can still do a few things to maintain the bones, as discussed earlier.

Unfortunately, few girls meet the RDA for calcium during their bone­ forming years. (Boys generally obtain intakes dose to those recommended because they eat more food.) Even if girls do meet the RDA, this amount may not be enough to achieve the maximum bone density. As for adults, women rarely meet the RDA of 800 to 1,200 - milligrams from food within their energy allowances. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that calcium recommendations should be higher still, especially for postmenopausal women. Some authorities suggest 1,500 milligrams of calcium for postmenopausal women who are not receiving estrogen.

1.9              PHOSPHORUS

Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in the body. About 85 percent of it is found combined with calcium in the crystals of the bones and teeth.

The concentration of phosphorus in the blood is less than half that of calcium its functions are critical to life. Phosphorous salts buffer the acid-base balance of cellular fluids. Each cell also depends on phosphorus as part of its genetic material, thus making phosphorus essential for growth and renewal of tissues. In cells' metabolism of energy nutrients, phosphorous compounds handle energy and work with many enzymes and vitamins to extract the energy from nutrients. Phosphorus forms part of the molecules of the phospholipids, lipids that are principal components of the membranes surrounding each cell and its parts.

The RDA for phosphorus Is 1,000mg for adults.

2.1       CALCIUM PRODUCTS SERIES

Tianshi Company has developed a series of nutritional health care products to provide balanced nutrient, maintain good health and efficient functioning of the body systems.

Some products of the Calcium series are formulated from the extracts of fresh ox bone through bio-transformation. This process is by acti­vating the bone calcium to form calcium-chelated, peptides of low molecular weight and amino acids. Calcium in these two forms plays a vital role in the transference of amino acids to the surface of the intestinal epithelium and can be easily absorbed.

2.1.1    TIANSHI NUTRIENT HIGH CALCIUM POWDER

Every sachet of Tianshi Nutrient High Calcium Powder contains 400 mg of calcium. The advantages of this product over others include the following

·        It is made from fresh bone, rich in calcium and other nutrients.

·        The product is presented in a formulation where it is completely and readily absorbed. This formulation is obtained by using modern bio-engineering degradation process with the use of bio-active enzymes.

·        The product has been formulated to achieve the optimal calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 2: 1 as to gain efficient absorption through the intestinal epithelium.

·        It provides a rich source of protein, amino acids, vitamins and trace elements.

·        It supplies the daily nutritional requirements, targeting malnutrition of calcium caused by unbalanced diet.

·        It has low caloric content and is sugar free, with palatable cocoa taste.

·        The product is totally of natural ingredient, without any preservatives.

2.1.2    TIANSHI NUTRIENT HIGH CALCIUM POWDER II

This product is especially formulated for people with elevated blood sugar level, diabetic patients. In addition to the enzyme degraded bone calcium powder are powdered pumpkin, isomaltose, vitamins and trace elements. The pumpkin powder, known as a natural curative food for diabetics, so added in combination with other ingredients, corrects calcium deficiency in diabetic patients. It provides sufficient nutrients to the body, and promotes effective insulin regulation, thus checking the elevated blood sugar. This preparation also has low calorie content, is sugar free, and a very palatable: taste.

2.1.3    TIANSHI CHILDREN NUTRIENT HIGH CALCIUM

This product is specially formulated with high nutrient supplement for children. In addition to the pure and natural enzyme-degraded bone calcium powder, are egg yoke powder, whole milk powder, and trace elements (iron and zinc). It also contains 8 essential amino acids, and multi-vitamins neces­sary for growth in children. Lecithin and taurine have specially been added to enhance cerebral development. It helps to provide addi­tional nutrients for malnourished children arid in cases of calcium de­ficiency.

2.1.4    TIANSHI LECITHIN+CALCIUM                                                                                           

This product is carefully formulated with fresh enzyme degraded bone calcium powder and lecithin. It supplies the required nutrients to the nervous system, resulting in increased cerebral functions. This enhances memory retention and retards aging of the cerebral cells.

2.1.5    TIANSHI CALCIUM CHEWABLE TABLETS

This product is formulated with the addition of different natural flavors, available in sweet peach, strawberry and the famous muskmelon (from Hami of Xingjian) flavors. This improves the appetite of different people. Magnesium is added to enhance enzyme functions. Magnesium is critical to the operation of hundreds .of enzymes, and it directly affects the metabolism of potassium, calcium, and vitamin D. Magnesium acts in the cells of all the soft tissues, where it is part of the protein-making machinery and is necessary for the release. of energy. Magnesium helps muscles relax after contraction and promotes resistance to tooth decay by holding calcium in tooth enamel. Magnesium deficiency may be related to cardiovascular disease, heart attack, and high blood pressure.

The adult RDA for magnesium is 350mg per day for men and 280 mg for women.

How to Prepare the Calcium Powders

The water to be used for the preparation of calcium powders should have its temperature at 60-70 degree centigrade. Because temperature above 70 degree Centigrade will cause enzyme inactivation, Ice Cold water is not recommended for use, in the preparation as this temperature is not ideal optimized for the enzymes contained in the preparation. Stir the preparation and drink according to dosage.

Enzymes are fragile and can be poisoned or destroyed by chemicals. Toxic heavy metals like lead and mercury are poisons because they bind to enzymes; Enzymes are also sensitive to pH. If blood is too acidic or too basic, enzymes may be inactivated. Heat, as used in cooking food and blanching vegetables, destroys enzymes, Oxidation and other chemical reactions can also irreversibly alter enzyme structure with loss of function.

2.2       TIANSHI ZINC SUPPLEMENT

Zinc occurs in a very small quantity in the body, but works with proteins in every organ. It helps more than 100 enzymes to:

·        Make parts of cel1s' genetic material.

·        Make heme in hemoglobin.

·        Help the pancreas with its digestive functions.

·        Help metabolize carbohydrate, protein, and fat.

·        Liberate vitamin A from storage in the liver.

·        Dispose of damaging free radicals.

Zinc also affects behavior and learning, assists in immune function and is essential to wound healing, sperm production, taste perception, fetal development, and growth and development in children, Zinc is needed to produce the active form of vitamin A in visual pigments. When zinc deficiency occurs, it impairs all these and other functions. Even a mild zinc deficiency can result in impaired immunity, abnormal taste, and abnormal vision in the dark.

Zinc plays a major role in the fol1owing:

Immune system

It is well established that zinc stimulates the immune system. Zinc activates T-lymphocytes, the soldiers and generals of the immune system. Furthermore, zinc deficiency in the womb can lead to a weakened immune system at birth and enhanced risk of infection in newborn infants. Furthermore, zinc deficiency may be partially responsible for the weakened immunity that so frequently accompanies aging. Zinc supplementation can improve white cell counts and antibody production in healthy, elderly people. There are intriguing hints that the zinc status of some AIDS patients is marginal; these patients have a severely imbalanced immune system. Zinc may help lessen symptoms of such autoimmune diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, when the body begins to attack its own tissues, and so on.

Cancer

A healthy immune system helps prevent cancer, and zinc-deficient animals are more sensitive to carcinogens (cancer-causing agents). Patients with prostate cancer have significantly lower zinc levels, as do those with esophageal cancer.

Male fertility

Zinc is implicated in normal prostate functions and male infertility. The male sex hormone, testosterone, may regulate zinc metabolism in the prostate, and zinc, in turn, may affect testosterone metabolism in the prostate. Zinc deficiency leads to a lowered sperm count as well as impotence. Experimental studies suggest that zinc can be used therapeutically in these cases.

Vision

Zinc plays a role in vision. Conversion of vitamin A to its biologically active form, retinal, requires zinc. Zinc-deficient alcoholics may suffer from night blindness, and zinc has been used in this situation. Aging frequently brings blindness. In certain cases Zinc supplementation may slow the progress of vision loss.

Tissue repair

Zinc seems to promote wound healing, particularly in zinc-deficient individuals. Zinc is necessary for tissue repair and growth. Zinc ointments have been used to treat ache.

Taste

Zinc deficiency leads to altered taste and smell sensitivity; diminished taste acuity may respond to zinc supplement.

Requirements

The RDA for adults (25 to 50 years of age) has been set at 12 mg for women and 15mg for men. Pregnant and lactating mothers will have increased zinc requirements.

DETOXIFIERS

These are substances that clean the system of foreign substances, body waste products, and free radicals in order to aid the body dispose of potentially harmful substances. Foreign substances and free radicals get into the body through inhalation of polluted air, foods and vegetable planted with fertilizers and the use of herbicides/pesticides on plants, chemicals in the soils, and so on. Tianshi Company has a variety of products designed to help rid the body of these toxins and environmental pollutants. These will be discussed below.

3.1              TIANSHI ANTILIPEMIC TEA

Tianshi Antilipemic tea is composed of 3 major ingredients namely Herba Gynostemma Pentaphyllum, Lotus leaves and Green Tea. Other ingredients include Radix Polygonum multiflorum, Hos Buddlijae (Poland), and Semen Cassiae. It provides an excellent refreshing effect while you enjoy its rich fragrance. Antilipemic tea is also rich in its functions as viz boost immunity; keeps one alert; cleanses cholesterol from the system; and detoxifies the system.

Gynostemma Pentaphyllum

In the early seventieth century, a scholar, on an attempt to extract some sweetening constituent of a herbaceous vine grown in the mountainous forests of heavy fog and mist, discovered Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP), an active component similar in action to Ginsenosides. More detailed investigations and clinical studies were done which revealed that Gynostemma glycosides have similar adaptagen effects as Ginsenoside. The earliest literature, documented in Herbs for the Relief of Famine complied in the Ming Dynasty (14th

Century), indicated GP as one of the wild plants with various properties, one of which could be substituted for food during famine. It has however attracted worldwide interest in recent years.

From the stem and leaves were isolated some glycosides; Saponin, which formed a series of biologically active constituents with remarkable therapeutic effects. It was used in ancient times as a folk medicine with anti-inflammatory and antitussive (remedy for cough) properties. It is known to possess a refreshing effect on the body, and detoxifies the system as well (expel toxic metabolic wastes). It is commonly used for the treatment of Hepatitis, and has the unique ability to be substituted for food.

It has other effects like boosting the immune system, which works against senility; Antineoplastic; anti-ulcer; and ant-fatigue with sedative activities. It also shows tranquillizing, analgesic, hypolipemic functions and invigorates the kidneys thereby improving the sexual functions.

Its pharmacological actions can be classified into the following categories:

·        Affects the Physiological Processes of the Body. It is shown to relief the, symptoms of hypolipemia, and hypoglycaemia; accelerates the synthesis of proteins; decreases the absorption and accumulation of fat.

·        Antineoplastic Effects: GP prevents the abnormal growth of normal cells formation of cancer cells and shows an obvious effect in the inhibition of the growth of neoplastic (cancerous) cells in the liver, lungs, uterine cervices and reduces melanoma at a rate of 20 to 80%.

·        Increases the Immune Functions of the Body: GP enhances the retardation of senility and hastens recovery from fatigue, similar to the diphaslic regulatory effect (anti-histamine effect - sedative; on immune functions by ginsenosides. Since it contains a large amount of the two Rd and Rg active principles, It may impart an auto-regulatory action on insomnia and relieves conditions of over fatigue. It can also facilitate the growth of Tlymphocytes, and prolong their life span. It improves the microcirculation in the scalp to prevent the appearance of white/grey hair.

·        Effect on the Nervous System: It has a sedative effect, inducing a peaceful sleep, accompanied with analgesic action that can            obviously relieve overstrained nerves.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum is sometimes referred to as the refreshing elixir of life, due to its numerous glycosides content (84 different kinds), which greatly surpass that in Ginsenoside (commonly available as Ginseng with only'12 or more glycosides American Ginseng contains even less). The WHO highly rates the merits of Gynostemma glycoside, due to its broad auto-regulatory effects in various ailments (cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, nervous tension, cancer and AIDS iri2151 century possibly).

Green Tea

Medical research has indicated that among the three traditional natural beverages, tea may be rated the most popular, than even the artificial drinks. Tea has multiple functions, which include: refreshes the body on a hot day, detoxifies, improves eyesight, promotes digestion, relieves alcoholism, elevates the spirit and stimulates the mind. People often enjoy a little nap after lunch. This nap is a sign of hyperlipemia or hypercholesterolemia caused by unsuitable diet. Elevated blood levels pc lipids like cholesterol may cause conditions like arteriosclerosis.

Tea functions mainly in the following ways:

·        Enhances the contractions of the heart (the ventricle), that results in improved blood circulation;

·        Has boosting effects on the immune system;

·        Cleanses the cholesterol from the vessels, thereby preventing thrombosis and arteriosclerosis;

·        Accelerates the body metabolism by burning off calories, resulting in body weight loss;

·        Improves the central nervous system functions, thus keep the body alert; and

·        It can retard aging.

Folium Nelumbinis (lotus)

It has a bitter taste. It is mild in action. It enhances the endurance of the human body against heat and humid conditions. Experience has it that it can uplift the spirit dissolve blood clot within the body system and enhance clotting during bleeding. Research has revealed that the distilled lotus could expand the blood vessels, resulting in a drop in the blood pressure.

Radix Polygonum multiflorum

It has a detoxifying property, relieves pains, and can accelerate bowl evacuation. It contains lecithin polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may lower the blood cholesterol. As a result, it can enhance better blood circulation, preventing arteriosclerosis. It has been shown to increase the blood flow in the coronary artery, reducing the rate of the heartbeat.

Hos Buddlijae (Poland)

Research has indicated that Hos Buddlijae is rich in Vitamin A, Calcium, Copper, Zinc, and Selenium. These are antioxidants, needed by the body to activate the detoxification enzymes to function optimally, thereby enhance detoxification. It has laxative properties, thus can stimulate or increase the frequency of bowl evacuation.

Semen Cassiae

Semen Cassiae is one of the Chinese traditional herbs with sweet and bitter taste. The most active substance extracted from semen cassiae is a plant steroid, anthracene. Its main mode of action is by dissolving the blood cholesterol and cleansing the dissolved substances 'from the system. This action will limit the occurrence of arteriosclerosis.

Tianshi Antilipemic Tea

Tianshi Antilipemic Tea combines the thousand-year-old Chinese tea drinking habits and its body regulatory properties to be classified as an excellent detoxifier and Immune booster, produced from Green Tea in combination with other selection of Chinese herbal remedies; it also has a unique property of invigorating the spleen and the stomach. Today as people become more health conscious, the development of this Antilipemic product, combining ancient tea traditions and numerous body essential ingredients can be considered a handsome offering from the Tianshi Group.

3.2              TANSHI SLIMMING TEA

Clinical Trial studies have shown that the main functions of Tianshi Slimming Tea include the following: dispensing with lipids, controlling obesity; improving digestion, accelerating metabolism and promoting excretion. Each of the main ingredients has its unique functions as will be discussed below:

Folium Nelumbinis (lotus)

It has a bitter taste. It is mild in action. It enhances the endurance of the human body against heat and humid conditions. Experience has it that it can uplift the spirit, dissolve blood clot within the body system and enhance dotting during bleeding, Research has revealed that the distilled lotus could expand the blood vessels, resulting in a drop in the blood pressure.

Semen Cassiae

Semen Cassiae is one of the Chinese traditional herbs with sweet and bitter taste. The most active substance extracted from semen cassiae is a plant steroid, anthracene. Its main mode of action is by dissolving the blood cholesterol and cleansing the dissolved substances from the system. This action will limit the occurrence of arteriosclerosis.

Oolong Tea and Herba Cornutae Seulatifoliae

Oolong Tea and Herba Cornutae Seulatifoliae have been known to enhance the endurance of the body. They possess some antibiotic and antiviral properties, anti-inflammatory ability, anti-tussive activity and even dries the sputum. They may aid digestion, cleanses the blood stream of cholesterol and lipid for efficient brain supply, thereby refreshing the system. Their unique effects on slimming and controlling obesity make them remarkable in this field. Their ability to detoxify enables them to function as anti-oxidant, anti-radiation and anti­cancer.

Rhizoma Alismatis

Rhizoma Alismatis functions by accelerating the decomposition of fat in the body system. This reduces the precursor for the formation of cholesterol thus lessening the cholesterol level in the body. This function will affect the blood lipid level, which results in the prevention of arteriosclerosis.

Radixet Rhizoma Rhei

Radixet Rhizoma Rhei enhances the movement of the intestine and this in effect improves the emptying of the bowel. It is used in conditions like constipation and obesity.

In general, Tianshi Slimming Tea is known to be effective in cleansing the blood stream levels of cholesterol and lipids, detoxifies the system of un-wanted free radicals, enhances clotting during bleeding, and has no side effects documentation. It has been reported that Slimming Tea has remarkably reduced patients with serious weight control conditions.

3.3       TIANSHI CHITOSAN CAPSULES

The major component of Chitosan Capsules is chitosan-chitin is a product of natural source, de­rived from the hard outer integument of marine in­vertebrates, anthropoids, and the red-footed crab, especially. Due to its unique physiological proper­ties of retarding cells ageing, and regulatory abilities of the body metabolic processes (auto - regulatory mechanism), it may be regarded as a functional food. It is a technologically advanced product of 10 years of intense research, an integration of the efforts of 13 universities, with over 1,000 scientists and financial input of 100,000,000.00 (One Hundred Million) US Dollars.

3.3.1    Composition of Chitin-Chitosan

Chitin is a strait chain biopolymer with a structure similar to that of cellulose, consists of numerous (1,000 to 3,000) units of N-acetyl-D­-glucosamine, in forms of amorphous polysaccharides. Chitosan is the partially deacylated chitin with 65%-99% deacetylation, but the 85% deacylated content is most suitable as food. Thus the partially deacylated product is commonly called chitin-Chitosan.

Chitin is widely distributed in nature and can be found in the following living organisms:

·        The exoskeletons of marine crustaceans, especially the red­ footed crab;

·        The outer shell and skeleton of mollusca;

·        The outer skeleton of arthropods; and

·        Cell walls of fungi and yeast.

3.3.2        Special Characteristics of Chitin-Chitosan

Chitin-Chitosan is a product with special characteristics as follows:

·        Can be degraded by various enzymes in the human body. These include lysozyme, kitonase and lecithinase in cow milk, to form low molecular weight polymers with six units of glucosamine, which are most suitable for the regulation of physiological functions in the human body.

·        In acidic media it dissolves to form positively charged cat ions, because chitin-chitosan contains amino groups in its structure. It is basic in nature and can from salts with acids, such as the formation of Chloride ions with HCL in the stomach.

R-NH2 +HCI  == R-NH3+ + Cl-

·        Exhibits High affinity to cells, in that, its basic unit, N-acetyl­-glucosamine, also an important component of hyaluronic acid shows a high affinity to cells without being rejected.

·        A solution of chitin-chitosan appeaI'5 like a colloidal gel with a rather strong absorptive capacity.

·        It is a natural fibrous substance, non-toxic in nature and no adverse effects have been documented.

·        Its does not have any specific visceral organ of target but rather affects the body as a whole.

3.3.3        Unique Features of Chitin-Chitosan

·        It is usually of High purity, with 85% deacetylated. One of its mechanisms of action is by absorbing toxic wastes from the body system. The degraded product, 6 units of glucosamine, being the most efficient low molecular weight component shows a very effective anti-neoplastic activity.

·        It has a high affinity to viable cells in the body. The fibrous germinating cells that form the skin, grows well on chitin-­chitosan, thus making it safe to the body just like sucrose.

·        It forms a cationic fibrous- food in the course of its being extracted from the outer integument of crabs. This cationic fibrous food is good for the vegetarians.

·        It is stable, non-hygroscopic and always exhibits a consistent effect through its actions.

3.3.4    Therapeutic Value of Chitin-Chitosan

As chitin-chitosan is a fibrous food, it shares the common properties of fibrous foods thus conserves water with a swelling, wetting action and is easily dispersed to exhibit strong absorptive power. It cannot be completely digested for absorption, so it enhances the peristaltic movements of the intestinal tract. By this action the volume of the bowels increases, shortening the duration in which waste products passes through the intestines. It also prevents the occurrence of colorectal cancer. It does however differ from ordinary fibrous foods because it can be partially digested and absorbed by the actions of enzymes to exercise its unique therapeutic effect.

3.3.4.1 Antineoplastic Effect

In an independent research done by a famous Professor at the Tottori University in Tokyo, Japan, he transplanted some cancer cells into certain animals to develop skin carcinoma in those animals. He then divided the infested animals into groups. One group was given chitin­chitosan and the other group was kept as the control. The result of the study showed that the treated group had no trace of cancer cells and recovered to normal healthy cells, while the control group that did not receive chitin-chitosan all died.

In an attempt to explain the mechanism of actions of chitin-chitosan, the anti-neoplastic effects, several clinical trial studies had been conducted with the following satisfactory results:

·        Chitin-Chitosan inhibits toxins produced by cancer cells: Patients usually experience weight loss due to cancer. This is usually caused by anaemia, where the toxic substances released from cancer cells will lower the iron content in the blood. This is followed by the decomposition of fats in the body causing anorexia. Patients suffering from cancer have shown an increase in appetite after the administration of chitin­chitosan. Chitin-Chitosan as administered is deacetylated into smaller molecules that are absorbed by the intestines and this in-turn absorbs the toxins produced by the cancer cells.

·        Vitalises the activities of lymphocytes that can kill cancer cells: Human bodies have, large amounts of lymphocytes, such as NK and LAK cells. These lymphocytes can differentiate the normal cells from cancerous cells and destroys the latter. This explains how the body’s immune system functions. Lymphocytes are most active at a pH of 7.4 where they exhibit their strongest killing effect. Cancerous cells grow better in a slightly acidic medium, and this media retards the ability of the lymphocytes to function. Chitin-Chitosan has the ability to adjust the pH of its environment by approximately 0.5, in attempt to create a suitable condition for its optimal function. This is an added advantage as exhibited by Chitin-Chitosan to enable it subdue the cancer cells, creating an unsuitable condition for the cancer cells to thrive.

·        Inhibits metastasis (transfer) of cancer cells: The metastasis of cancer cells is a process that occurs within the blood vessels. The surfaces of endothelial cells of the blood vessels have certain agents known as causal agents. These casual agents are where the cancer cells first adhere to, and then transfer the disease to the healthy body cells and other cells via the blood and/or lymph channels. Chitin-Chitosan can adhere to the causal agents on the endothelial surface too, thus preventing metastasis of cancer cells. This enables Chitin-Chitosan check cancer cells, limiting it. to a particularized area and destroying them.

3.3.4.2  Lowers cholesterol levels in the body

People usually become wary at the mention of cholesterol. Choles­terol is considered the prime cause of heart diseases, myocardial inf­arction and arteriosclerosis. Cholesterol also plays an indispensable role in the human body, as it forms an integral part of the brain, nerves, sex hormones and cell membranes. Cholesterol in addition plays a role in the digestion and absorption of fat in the body. Choles­terol is vital to the body, so if maintained at an acceptable level it has positive effects but once in excessive, it may accumulate on the vessel walls to hinder blood circulation thereby causing arteriosclerosis. Chitinchitosan has an added ability of adjusting the excessive cholesterol to normal levels. These it does in the following ways:

·        Chitin-Chitosan hinders the absorption of cholesterol by the body: Cholesterol content in food has to be converted to its esters by some special enzymes, in the presence of sufficient quantity of bile acid, before its absorption into the body. Chitin-Chitosan can also easily combine with the bile fluid resulting in the inactivation of the enzymes thus inhibiting the conversion of cholesterol to its esters hence not absorbed.

1.      Chitin-Chitosan hinders the absorption of fat: As Chitinchitosan is a positively charged cat ion, it is attracted to the negatively charged oily drops (fat) forming a barrier, which may hinder the absorption of the fat. If the fat is eventually absorbed, the chitin-chitosan, which is absorbed along will greatly decrease the amount of fat stored. Usually fatty molecules are in combination with cholesterol or proteins, not as a single fatty moiety, in the blood stream. Hence, decrease in fatty molecules in the blood directly reduces the cholesterol levels proportionally.

2.      It promotes the conversion of cholesterol: Stored cholesterol in the gall bladder, liver, is converted to bile fluid, an important component of the digestive fluid. Cholesterol in the system enhances the digestion and absorption of fat, and excesses are stored in the gall bladder. Bile fluid also combines with chitin-chitosan, and to maintain the reserves of the bile fluid is conversion of cholesterol in the liver. This chain reaction eventually lowers the cholesterol level very significantly in the blood stream.

3.3.4.3 Lowers-the Blood Pressure

Ingestion of sodium chloride, common salt, may aggravate the elevation of blood pressure. Recent studies have shown that the elevation of blood pressure is only related to the chlorine component. Chloride in common salt can activate enzymes in the system, which may cause the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin, thereby elevating the blood pressure. As chitin-chitosan is a cationic dietary fibre, it can combine with the chloride anion in common salt and be excreted, thus lowering the chloride content in the, body. This action will reduce the predisposing factors that would have aggravated the, blood pressure, so the blood pressure will be normally maintained.

3.3.4.4 Prevents and treats Diabetes Mellitus

Clinical studies show that chitin-chitosan is very effective in the control of diabetes. Scientists from Tokyo University carried out an experiment by preparing an animal feed which contained chitin-chitosan. Two separate groups of animals were used: one group was fed with the normal feed and other with the special feed containing chitin-chitosan. The result of the study showed that diabetes was checked in the diabetic animals feeding on chitin-chitosan containing diet.

3.3.4.5 Enhances the heating of burns scalding and trauma

A three year old boy from Sakhalin, Russia had 80% burns and was hospitalised for emergency treatment at the end of 1990. He was treated with artificial skin made from chitin-chitosan.

Few month latter, the boy recovered fully and no scars were observed, complete and refreshing healing. The reasons for this efficacious effect attributed to Chitin-Chitosan could be explained as follows:

                                 i.            No skin/body rejection of artificial skin made of chitinchitosan has been documented yet in the treatments encountered. Skin rejection usually erupts series of unpleasant after-effects;

                               ii.            Chitin-Chitosan has an action of vitalizing cell activity to produce large amount of collagenous fibres for the rapid formation of new skin without leaving any sears. A piece of artificial skin was placed on the wound and the body adhered to this skin without any reaction. The bandage was later removed without the wound reopening itself.

                              iii.            Chitin-Chitosan has no haemostatic activities to prevent bleeding.

3.3.4.6 Strengthening of the Liver

Research studies showed that chitin-chitosan has an excellent therapeutic effect in the treatment of liver disorders. When experimental animals were fed with feeds containing a high percentage of cholesterol, they developed fatty liver and hepatitis, showing a carmine red appearance due to the elevation of cholesterol and fat levels in their system. The ones fed with chitinchitosan at the same time, their-livers remained the original dark brown color and appeared to be very healthy.

3.3.4.7 Adjust the pH condition

Chitin-Chitosan improves the pH conditions in the system, which encourages good health. The pH value in the system is always maintained at a slightly basic level of about 7.4. The hemoglobin in the erythrocytes performs optimally at a pH of about 7.35. Generally, it may be understood that body fluid should be slightly basic to promote good health, but with the exception of blood, all other body fluids contain no hemoglobin to offer a buffer action. On the other hand a certain amount of CO produced by muscular exercise may flow into the body fluid surrounding the muscle cells and cause an acidic condition in the body fluid. In such a condition, the functions of lymphatic cells to maintain the normal immunological function may be lowered leading to the possible development of various diseases. In such cases, chitin-chitosan can be useful by adjusting the pH slightly within 0.5 limits.

Detoxification of the body

Environmental pollution, which causes a lot of problems in humans, is ever increasing nowadays with the advancement of modem scientific achievements. The most well known is the harmful effects of heavy metals, e.g. cadmium poisoning can cause ostealgia and mercury may cause toxic symptoms characterized by a peppery taste in the mouth; excessive salivation, loss of teeth, sponginess of the gums and ulceration within the mouth and marked emaciation which can not be cured by modem medical means. The only approach is to rely on the absorptive power of chitin-chitosan for its effective excretion of these heavy metals.

3.4       TIANSHI DOUBLE CELLULOSE TABLETS

The fibers of a plant contribute the supporting structures of its leaves, stems, and seeds. Most fibers are polysaccharides-chains of sugars- just as starch is, but in fibers the sugar units are held together by bonds that human digestive enzymes cannot break. Most fibers therefore pass through the human body without providing energy for its use. The best known of these polysaccharides is cellulose. Cellulose can be found in the skins of corn kernels.

­The term dietary fiber describes substances that cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes. WHO's recommended dietary fiber intakes is 40 grams per day.

Tianshi Double Cellulose contains com cellulose and polyglucose, which are both soluble fiber. This type of plant fiber swells in water and forms glue-like gels. Soluble fiber is made up of non-cellulose­ carbohydrates, including pectin, gums, alga polysaccharides and some types of hemi cellulose. Soluble fiber has important physiological effects. It becomes viscous, thus softening stool and slowing the rate of stomach emptying. Soluble fiber also slows starch digestion and glucose uptake, in turn lowering the amount of insulin needed to process blood glucose after a meal, and it may help diabetics. The water-soluble fibers are completely degraded by intestinal microorganisms to short-chain fatty acids, which are used as fuels to help maintain the intestinal lining.

Soluble fiber may bind potential carcinogens and toxins, and this lowers the risk of colon cancer. Soluble fiber also seems to lower blood cholesterol. Fiber binds bile salts in the intestine, which could reduce their re-absorption, thus forcing the liver to remove cholesterol from the blood to make more, bile.

The Benefits of Fiber

Foods containing fibers are beneficial to health in the following ways:

·        Promote feelings of fullness because they absorb water and swell. Soluble fibers in a meal also slow the movement of food through the upper digestive tract, so you feel full longer.

·        Reduce energy consumption by displacing calorie-dense concentrated fats and sweets from the diet while donating little energy. Fibers therefore can help in weight control.

·        Help prevent constipation, hemorrhoids, and other intestinal problems by keeping the contents of the intestine moist and easy to eliminate.

·        Help prevent bacterial infection of the appendix by the same mechanism.

·        Are associated with reduced incidence of colon cancer. Insoluble fibers bind or dilute cancer-causing materials and speed their transit through the colon.

·        May reduce the risks of heart and artery disease by lowering blood cholesterol.

·        May increase bile flow, thus preventing gallstones formation.

4          IMMUNE BOOSTERS

In humans, there is an elaborate, finely tuned defense system to destroy and counter the effects of viruses, bacteria, yeasts and foreign substances that operate within tissues and cells and in the blood stream. This defense system is called the IMMUNE SYSTEM. The immune system recognizes "self" and "non-self", and has memory (the ability to remember the previous invaders and attack them upon repeat invasion). When the immune system is healthy, it destroys foreign invaders without causing any symptoms, but an imbalanced immune system can attack the body's own tissues, creating AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES or it can over-respond to common substances creating allergies, like food allergies.

Tianshi Company has formulated some special supplements that can aid to boost immunity. These supplements are rich in enhancers that will protect the immune cells, promote the T and B cells (specialized cel1s responsible to producing antibodies) productions, enhances both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and possess antioxidant activities. Also included in these supplements are nutrients that will maintain the optimal immunity in the system, antibody production and phagocytic activities, as "'{ell as lymphocyte production, and maintain the lymph and thymus glands (produces lymphocytes, the wondering macrophages, and T cel1s) healthy.

These supplements are discussed in details in the following paragraphs under each and specific supplement below.

4.1       TIANSHI SPIRULINA CAPSULES­

SPIRULINA ALGA

Spirulina is a form of microscopic blue-green al­gae used as a food supplement in. the surroundings of Lake Chad. It is most rich in proteins. Scientist took deep interest in the Aboriginal tribe living around the Lake Chad in Centra1 Africa, as they were strong and in good health, and lived longer years, rarely sick. In the monitoring stud­ies, it was revealed that their diet consisted chiefly of Spirulina alga.

4.1.1        ­CONTENTS OF SPIRULINA

Spirulina is a rich source of beta carotene, a blue pigment called phycocyanin, and chlorophyll, the green plant pigment. Spirulina contains 65% protein, 18% carbohydrate, 5% fat and 7% minerals. Spirulina contains appreciable iron and B complex vitamins. Spirulina provides gamma linolenic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid. This lipid is a parent compound of a hormone-like family of lipids called prostaglandins, which possess anti-inflammatory activity.

The nutrient content of a 10g serving is: protein, 6.5g; carbohydrate, 1.8g: fat, 0.5g; calcium, 100g; iron, 15mg; vitamin A, 2,300 retinol equivalents; thiamin, 0.31mg; riboflavin, 0.35mg; and niacin l.46mg.

Its protein content is about 1.5 times that of soybeans, 3 times that of beef or fish, and 4 times that of pork. The human body at a rate of 65-80% easily absorbs the protein in Spirulina alga, while that of soybeans absorbed is at the rate of 40%.

·        Spirulina is rich in iron, and vitamin B. The iron content in 109 dried Spirulina powder is equivalent to that in 450g of spinach °t 320g of liver. Its vitamin B content is about 4 times that of liver. Therefore, Spirulina alga can be used to boost the immune system

·        Alga polysaccharide in Spirulina alleviates cell damage caused' by irradiation, and enhances the proliferation of myelocytes (bone marrow cells).

·        Spirulina alga is also rich in linolenic acid which promotes the functions of prostaglandin (prostate hormones), thereby regulating the blood pressure. Spirulina prevents inflammatory coronary vascular diseases and diabetes' mellitus. Medical report from Japan has shown that a population used Spirulina alga to obtain additional nutritional supply, 45% of them aimed at the treatment of various diseases among them 22% were for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Clinical results from the use of Spirulina proved that it has marvelous hypoglycemic effects.

·        Some enzymes in Spirulina alga can accelerate the recovery from trauma, promoting cutaneous (skin) metabolism and preventing keratinization (callouses) of the skin.

·        Every 100g of dried Spirulina alga contains about 50mg carotene, which can be converted into vitamin A for the treatment and prevention of nyctalopia (night blindness). It also promotes the growth/development of the reproductive systems. Lack of vitamin A may cause rough skin, xerosis of the cornea and carnification of labia oris.

·        Spirulina alga contains a high content of glycolipids and cerebroside sulfate, generally acknowledged by the medical profession as an effective anti HN agent.

·        Spirulina alga can lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the body, thus preventing arteriosclerosis, and the prophylaxis of coronary heart disease; and will retard senility. It can also revive the activity of damaged cholinesterase to maintain physiological functions.

In summary, Spirulina alga covers a spectrum as a complete nutrient. Its nutritional content is both whole and well balanced and can be termed the basic material for various activities in life laboratory report has it that the nutritional content in 19 of Spirulina alga is equivalent to 1 kg of vegetables. At present, foodstuffs made of Spirulina have become the most sought after all over the world.

Tianshi Spirulina Tablets

It was discovered that tremendous amounts of Spirulina alga have been found growing in Lake Chenghai in the Yunnan Province of China. It provided an abundant food resource for inhabitants living near that area. Tianshi Spirulina tablets are produced from these natural resources using modem advanced technology.

In addition, it must be mentioned that due to its rich nutritional value, Spirulina alga can also be used as a facial cream unsurpassable by ordinary cosmetics. Take some Tianshi Spirulina tablets, crush into a powder and blend with water. When it is applied to the face, the skin will be nourished, giving it a smoother and healthier appearance.

4.2       VIGOR ROUSING CAPSULES­

RESVERATROL

”Grapes and wine contain a natural antidote to cancer”, Scientists report. This is a discovery that could help explain the so-called French Paradox ~ where the lower rates of heart diseases and cancer are, of nations ~ French, Italy and Spain", as reported by Tim Radford, Guardian Weekly 19-01-97. John Pezzuto, Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, and other scientists, reported in the US Science Journal that in the course of their research a plant substance called resveratrol was found to inhibit neoplastic activities in 3 major stages of tumor formation. They also found that red wine contained the substance, resveratrol, as much as 3 milligrams in every litre, which could possibly explain the French Paradox.

Another scientist, Dr. Pezzeetu, came up with his own paradox, some­what in-line with the "French Paradox". He claimed that wine con­sumption is inversely related to heart problems, and that there are elements in wine that seem to prevent cancer. This explains a possible positive correlation between cancer and alcohol, with some kind of neutralizing action taking place. The French are known for diets with high fatty content, yet they suffer minimal heart diseases. This estab­lishes the fact that Resveratrol promotes efficient functioning of the heart, by possibly preventing platelet fragments from accumulating blood clots. The product also has the ability to reduce inflammation.

Resveratrol also, acts as anti-oxidant and anti-mutagen blocking cell agents from the formation of cancer. This unique substance can also inhibit the spread of leukemia cells. Resveratrol has been identi­fied in 72 plant species including mulberries, peanuts and grapes. It is thought to have anti-fungal effects on plants, as the plants that con­tain resveratrol are not attacked by fungi.

THE PROPHYLACTIC SPECTRUM OF RESVERATROL

1.      Research indicates that it has:

A.     An anti-cancer effect

B.     Prevents heart disease through its action of lowing blood clots and accumulation.

Other studies also show that Resveratrol has a more effective anti­oxidant property than Vitamins C and E, providing greater protection against oxygen free radicals and free radical-induced lipids. Also, resveratrol has shown to possess a greater inhibitory effect than Vitamins C and E, on tobacco induce-oxidative stress in humans.

4.2.2    COMPARISON OF RESVERATROL TO OTHER KNOWN ANTI-OXIDANTS

4.2        TlANSHI CORDYCEPS MYCELIUM CAPSULES

CORDYCEPS SINENSIS

   In the Sichuan-Yunnan-Qinghai-Xizang Plateau grows a rare species of zoo biotic plant with almost rare and unique characteristics. Actually, it is a combination of plant and worm. The parasitic fungus, cordyceps sinensis, grows on a worm known as hepialus armorican us. According to the Chinese herbal classics, the "New Compilation of Materia Medica" published in the 18th.century, this herbal remedy was described as a worm living underground in winter with hairy cilia over its body. As summer approaches, these cilia begin to break the earth and grow into a plant. During the summer season ascospore ejected from the daughter cysts infest the host worm thus beginning its parasitic life. The infested worm grows in the mountainous regions around the Qing-Zang plateau over 3,500 meters above sea level, feeding on the rhizomes of Astragelus, Polygonatum or Liriope plants. Over its two-year underground life, it accumulates an abundant store of nutrients and special components essential for life at high altitudes. Therefore it can endure a long-term hunger and anoxia. Eventually the parasitic fungus devours the internal organs of the worm leaving its body and outer chitinous form intact. This constitutes the highly valued traditional Chinese herb known as Cordyceps Sinensis.

   The herbal remedy, together with Panax ginseng and Pilose antler are reputed as the three most nourishing tonics for strengthening the body and increasing resistance against diseases with a history of over 1,200 years. 1t was even adored by Chinese people in ancient times as a mascot and panacea.

The prophylactic spectrum of Cordyceps Sinensis is truly very broad:

·        It is a highly effective natural immune-modulator. It has dual regulatory effects: as an immuno-potentiator in immune deficient cases and with appropriate suppressive action on hper­immune cases.

·        A natural antibiotic: Cordyceps Sinensis shows bacteriostatic action against several pathogenic bacteria such as pneumo­coccus, streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus.

·        Anti-inflammatory action: Its anti-inflammatory activity is superior to hydrocortisone.

·        Dilates blood vessels to a moderate degree thus increasing the blood supply to the heart. Such slow and sustained en­hancement of coronary blood flow may prevent thrombosis. It has the pharmacological actions of anti-fatigue, anti-anoxia, sedative, hypolipemic and anti-peroxidation effects. The above pharmacological actions firmly laid the scientific basis that Cordyceps Sinensis is good for general debility and various sorts of injuries as documented in Chinese medical literature.

Clinical trials proved that Cordyceps Sinensis has the following spe­cific features and a wide range of indications (obviously effective when used as an adjuvant with little or no adverse effects):

·        For the respiratory system: Cordyceps Sinensis can significantly relieve symptoms resulting from dysfunction of the lungs such as in­sufficient strength to cough, shortness of breath, profuse perspiration, depression and fatigue. It is also good for pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma and pulmonary emphysema when used as an adjuvant.

·        For nephropathy (kidney problems): Modern medical practice proved that Cordyceps Sinensis can improve the excretion and trans­port functions of the kidneys. It does this by improving the cytodynamic conditions of renal tissue, promoting the excretion of urinary toxins, alleviating and repairing the pathogenic or toxic impairment of renal tubules and glomerulus, inhibiting secondary infections of the kidneys and hypophosphoremia (lack of phosphorous) as well as effectively controlling the further deterioration of kidney failure.

·        For cardiovascular system: Cordyceps Sinensis can increase coronary blood flow at a slow but consistent rate. It regulates the blood calcium and phosphorus ratio, exerting a steady therapeutic and rehabilitating effect on the patient. It can markedly inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen- at a rate of 13.3%-48.5%. It can be further researched as an anti-thrombotic agent.     

·        For hepatitis and cirrhosis of liver: Cordyceps Sinensis can improve liver function directly and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis of the liver. Presently, specific remedies for hepatitis and especially cirrhosis of the liver have not yet been discovered.

·        For hematopathy: Cordyceps Sinensis has indicated a satisfactory supplementary effect for primary thrombocytopenic purpura. It also exhibits a degree of improvement or relief for the malignancy of leukemia.

·        For various carcinomas: Due to the comprehensive therapeutic and rehabilitating effects of Cordyceps Sinensis in various visceral organs (liver, kidneys, cardiovascular and respiratory systems), it may have an obvious palliative effect in advanced cancers and lessens the inadequacy- The above mentioned effects prolong the survival of the patients thus improving the quality of the patients' life. Also, its leucocytes­ promoting effects may help the patient to be more tolerant to chemo radio therapy- For benign brain tumors; it also has useful effects as an ideal conservative treatment.

·        Detoxification effect: According to traditional Chinese theories, Cordyceps Sinensis is mild in action and rarely causes hyperactivity in its clinical manifestation. It can improve the cytodynamic states of the visceral organs such as the liver, kidneys, lungs and the overall metabolism of the' body thus exhibiting its detoxification actions.

·        Enhances sexual ability: Cordyceps Sinensis-improves ejaculation­ and reduces the frequency of nocturia in the elderly.

·        Daily health care function: The nutritional value of Cordyceps Sinensis is well documented in the Chinese traditional herbal medicine. The onset of action is slow but with steady therapeutic effects when used be prophylaxis.

TIANSHI CORDYCEPS MYCELIUM CAPSULES

Tianshi Cordyceps Mycelium Capsules is a product made using modem bioengineering processes of isolating the active strain and through a series of culturing, concentrating, separating, drying, pulverizing and sifting to obtain the fermented Cordyceps powder, which is finally sterilized and encapsulated. It does not contain hormones or stimulants, yet it increasingly boosts the body energy and vitality thus recommendable to people with depressed immunological functions and easily fatigued laborers.

4.3              T.ANSHI. VITALITY SOFTGEL CAPSULES

WHEAT PLUMULE OIL

Long-term experimental studies has shown that wheat plumule oil extracted from wheat germ is rich in vitamin E, linolenic acid, octacosanol and some other unidentified bioactive components. It is a functional lipoid with high nutritional value, especially its vitamin E content which is the most nutritionally-valued of all vegetable oils.

VITAMIN E

Vitamin E is the extraordinary bodyguard, because it can be oxidized, selves as one of the body's main defenders against oxidative damage. By being oxidized itself, vitamin E protects the polyunsaturated fats and other vulnerable components of the cells and their membranes from destruction. Vitamin E protects all the cell's lipids and related compounds, such as vitamin A, from oxidation.

Vitamin E exerts an especially important antioxidant effect in the lungs, where the cells are exposed to high oxygen concentrations that can destroy their membranes. As the red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to other tissues, vitamin E protects their cell membranes, too. Vitamin E may also help defend against heart disease. Normal nerve development also depends on vitamin E. Vitamin E also protects the white blood cells that defend the body against disease. Vitamin E may also play other roles in normal immunity, and supplements of the vitamin were found to improve the immune response in healthy elderly adults.

4.4.1        VITAMIN E REQUIREMENTS

The RDA for vitamin E is 8 milligrams a day for women, 10 for men.

LINOLEIC ACID

A dietary-essential fatty acid. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids like linoleic acid help maintain the flexibility of cell membranes, which is essential for their normal function. Therefore linoleic acid is essential for normal growth and development. Linoleic acid is classified as dietary essential because the body is unable to manufacture linoleic acid, it can _convert linoleic acid to longer, more complex fatty acids, hormone-like substances that stimulate inflammation, pain, blood clotting, smooth muscle contraction, elevates blood pressure and other physiological processes.

Symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency include severe, resistant eczema, hair loss and impaired wound healing. Deficient animals reveal retarded growth and development.

Dietary recommendations generally specify that for a healthy adult the total polyunsaturated fat intake should be about 6 to 7% of daily calories, not to exceed 10%. Research suggests that linoleic acid should represent 5% of calories or 14g/day.

LINOLENIC ACID

Linolenic acid cannot be synthesized by the body hence must be obtained from the diet. A polyunsaturated fatty acid is classified as an essential dietary nutrient.

Linolenic acid deficiency may be linked to an increased risk of heart attacks and inflammation associated with degenerative disease. Chronic, severe deficiencies can cause impair vision, increase inflammation, and diminish learning curves in experimental animals. The nervous system and brain contain high levels of the omega-3 fatty acids, and there is a positive relationship between the content of these fatty acids in _e diet and vision and brain function.

Good dietary sources of the omega-3 fatty acids are limited. Food processing destroys or removes it, and there are none present in fast foods. Therefore, a supplement of linolenic acid is recommended.

OCT.ACOSANOL

Octacosanol in the wheat plumule oil aids the body system's ability to adjust to anoxia condition by fortifying the loading power of the heart.

Beta-carotene

An orange pigment with antioxidant activity, a vitamin A precursor made by plants and stored in human fat tissue. In plants, vitamin A exists only in its precursor forms. Beta-carotene, the most abundant of these precursors, has the highest vitamin A activity. Beta-carotene and its other carotene relatives exhibit antioxidant actions in the body.

Studies of populations suggest that people whose diets are low in foods that contain beta-carotene have a high incidence of certain types of cancer. Likewise, a common form of blindness in the aged, macular degeneration, is linked with a lifelong diet

Lecithin

Lecithin is one of the main components of cell membranes in the visceral organs. It plays a vital role in the function of the cells particularly as it affects vicarious organs in the following ways: prevention of senile dementia; prevention of loss of memory; enhance the formation of cerebral cells in the fetus; prevention of high fatty deposit in the liver; a natural cosmetic; and improvement of blood circulation in the limbs. Lecithin acts synergistically with vitamin E, resulting in a more effective and efficient body wellbeing, in respect to their respective functions.

Generally, the organic-complex formulation of lecithin, carotene and wheat plumule oil has a wide range of activities. Tianshi Vitality Softgel Capsule possesses anti-oxidant activities.

4.5       TIANSHI BENEFICIAL CAPSULES

Gynostemma Pentaphyllum

In the early seventieth century, a scholar, on an attempt to extract some sweetening constituent of a herbaceous vine grown in the mountainous forests of heavy fog and mist, discovered Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP), an active component similar in action to Ginsenosides. M0re detailed investigations and clinical studies were done which revealed that Gynostemma glycosides have similar adaptagen effects as Ginsenoside. The earliest literature, documented in Herbs for the Relief of Famine complied in the Ming Dynasty (14th century), indicated GP as one of the wild plants with various properties, one of which could be substituted for food during famine. -It has however - attracted worldwide interest in recent years.

From the stem and leaves were isolated some glycosides, Saponin, which formed a series of biologically 1dive constituents with remarkable- therapeutic effects. It was used in ancient times as a folk medicine, with anti-inflammatory and antitussive (remedy for cough) properties. It is known to possess a refreshing effect on the body, and detoxifies the system as well (expel toxic metabolic wastes). It is commonly used for the treatment of hepatitis, and has the unique ability to be substituted for food. ­

It has other effects like boosting the immune system, which works against senility; Antineoplastic; anti-ulcer, and anti-fatigue with sedative activities. It also shows tranquillizing, analgesic, hypolipemic functions and invigorates the kidneys thereby improving the sexual functions.

Its pharmacological actions can be classified into the following categories:

·        Affects the Physiological Processes of the Body. It is shown to relief the symptoms of hyperlipemia, and hypoglycemia; accelerates the synthesis of proteins; decreases the absorption and accumulation of fat.

·        Antineoplastic Effects: GP prevents the abnormal growth of normal cells, formation of cancer cells and shows an obvious effect in the Inhibition of the growth of neoplastic (cancerous) cells in the liver, lungs, uterine cervics and reduces melanoma at a rate of 20 to, 80%.

·        Increases the Immune Functions of the Body: GP enhances the retardation of senility and hastens recovery from fatigue_ similar to the diphaslic regulatory effect (anti-histamine effect - sedative) on immune functions by Ginsenosides. Since, it contains a large amount of the two Rd and Rg active principles; it may impart an auto-regulatory action on insomnia and relieve conditions of over fatigue. It can also facilitate the growth of T lymphocytes, and prolong their life span; it improves the microcirculation in the scalp to prevent the appearance of white/grey hair.

·        Effect or the Nervous System: It has a sedative effect, inducing a peaceful sleep, accompanied with analgesic action that can obviously relieve overstrained nerves.

·        Gynostemma pentaphyllum is sometimes referred to as a miraculous elixir of life, due to its numerous glycosides content (84 different kinds), which greatly surpass that in Ginsenoside (commonly available as Ginseng with only 12 or more glycosides; American Ginseng contains even less). The WHO highly rates the merits of Gynostemma glycoside, due to its broad auto-regulatory effects in various ailments (cardiovascular disorders. diabetes mellitus, nervous tension, cancer and AIDS in 21st century possibly).

Theopolyphenol

Theopolyphenol is obtained from the extracts of green tea. Its main ingredients are catechins, vitamins and trace elements. It has an excellent anti-peroxidation property thus promoting and maintaining normal cellular activity (e.g. excess free radicals in the system can lead to various conditions, Theopolyphenol provides protons that mob these free radicals, thereby minimizing their harmful effects).

Further studies have revealed that the effects of Theopolyphenol can be classified thus:

·        Treatment of Cardio-cerebral vascular diseases: Theopolyphenol has an excellent anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity and its catechins content has a potent anti-platelet aggregation activity, thereby ensuring smooth flow in the circulatory system.

·        Inhibits arteriosclerosis: The excellent anti-peroxidation effect ensures normal cellular functions and this decreases the prevalence of hypertension and secondary heart diseases.

·        Prevents and Combats Neoplastic Diseases: Due to the fact that Theopolyphenol can block the synthesis of the endogenous carcinogen-nitrosoamine in the human body, it shows an obvious effect in the prevention of cancer.

·        Promotes Immune Functions of the body and retards senility.

·        Acts as an Antidote and Anti-Radiation agent since it can mob-up free radicals from the system (may be regarded as a natural filter for ultraviolet rays).

·        Increases the tenacity and permeability of capillaries enhancing resistance against infections.

·        Clears away unpleasant odor of the oral cavity (bad breath); and protects and fortifies the teeth to avoid microbial infection.

Beta-carotene

An orange pigment with antioxidant activity, a vitamin A precursor made by plants and stored in human fat tissue. In plants, vitamin A exists only in its precursor forms. Beta-carotene, the most abundant of these precursors, has the highest vitamin A activity. Beta-carotene and its other carotene relatives exhibit antioxidant actions in the body.

Beta carotene has a number of other functions that make it the most extensively investigated carotenoid. It is a very important antioxidant as it can help prevent damage to tissues by free radicals-extremely reactive, damaging forms of oxygen and other chemicals. Beta carotene helps boost the immune system, and it affects lipid metabolism in important ways: it lowers low-density lipoprotein (LOL), the undesirable form of cholesterol, and raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the desirable form. Beta carotene reverses' precancerous mouth lesions and population studies suggest that it may lower the risk of cancer of the lungs, bladder, larynx, esophagus, stomach, .prostate, cervix and colon.

According to guidelines to food choices published by the National Cancer Institute and the U.S. FDA, beta carotene intake should be the equivalent of about 6 mg daily.

Studies of populations suggest that people whose diets are low in foods that contain beta-carotene have a high incidence of certain types of cancer. Likewise, a common form of blindness in the aged, macular degeneration, is linked with a lifelong diet

Tianshi Beneficial Capsules

Tianshi Beneficial Capsules are health care food supplements formulated with carotene, Gynostemma g1ycosides, Theopolyphenol and vitamin C, through meticulous processes of modern technology. From the multiple effects enumerated above, it is evident that Tianshi Beneficial Capsules are a multi-purpose health care supplement especially for people living under anoxic environment with automobiles, airplanes, or steamships for an extended period of time. The capsules can improve the efficient functioning of lungs thus increasing oxygen intake.

Clinical Trial studies conducted by the Health Control Organization authorized by the Ministry of Public Health, in China revealed that Tianshi Beneficial Capsules have the health care function of increasing the tolerance of anoxia. Administration of beneficial Capsules provides an effect against anoxia of the myocardium, chest distress, angina pectoris and arrhythmia.